DIY toothpaste: selection of ingredients and the best recipes. How to make the right Italian pasta - a photo, a step-by-step recipe and serving rules How to make toothpaste for children

Everyone knows about the need for daily oral hygiene. However, not everyone is aware that the pastes presented on the pharmacological market can pose a threat to health. Some pastes provoke the development of allergic reactions and damage the enamel. An excellent alternative to industrial cleaners is natural powder.

Undesirable ingredients in pastes

Consider the list of components that should not be contained in pastes with a natural composition:

• Sodium lauryl sulfate, which is an aggressive substance. It stimulates the production of copious amounts of foam while brushing your teeth and at the same time negatively affects your health. Sodium lauryl sulfate triggers a cascade of responses in the immune system and leads to the development of severe allergic reactions. In addition, the substance negatively affects the performance of internal organs. The mucous membranes of the mouth react to the irritant with inflammation of the gums and an increase in the sensitivity of the enamel.
• aluminum lactate. The component is added to toothpastes to reduce gum bleeding. It has not only a therapeutic effect. The substance has the ability to accumulate in bone structures, causing pathologies of the musculoskeletal system.
• Antibacterial agents. They are allowed to be used only with exacerbation of infectious and inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. Regular use of pastes with antibiotics leads to an imbalance of microflora in the oral cavity.
• Saccharin. The substance improves the taste properties of the cleaning agent, but is also a carcinogen to the body. Not all scientists agree with this opinion.
• Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. As a result of scientific research, a negative effect of the component on the functioning of the digestive organs was revealed. But, despite this, it is actively added to food. The element is also capable of provoking allergic reactions.
• Titanium dioxide, which gives the pastes a white tint. The effect of the component on the human body is not well understood. Many scientists are inclined to believe that titanium dioxide is a carcinogen.

Allowed Components

How to distinguish natural toothpaste from fakes? You just need to study the composition indicated on the tube. In questionable products, the share of natural ingredients is less than 1%.

It must be remembered that the components of the product enter the body, despite the absence of ingestion. Harmful substances can be absorbed into the blood through the mucous membranes of the mouth.

Dental care products can be produced in the form of paste and powder. The latter type of product tends to contain more natural ingredients. However, the powder is not very convenient to use during hygiene procedures. Also, some types of hard powders injure and scratch the enamel, causing its hypersensitivity.

In the store, it is almost impossible to find pasta with a completely organic composition (maximum 95% natural ingredients). Such products can be ordered via the Internet abroad. Completely natural pastes are made in the USA, England, Germany.

In the composition of safe pastes, you can find many unfamiliar, frightening components with their name. In fact, many substances are made from natural ingredients and are safe for the human body. At the same time, they do not have any useful properties, since they are subjected to powerful thermal and chemical processing during the production process.

The list of acceptable ingredients in the composition of natural paste:

• silicon oxide. Necessary for whitening the tone of the enamel. Silicon is a good natural abrasive that removes hard and soft plaque from teeth.
• organic glycerin. It is used to give pastes a thick and uniform consistency. The substance is obtained by hydrolysis of vegetables.
• Xylitol. Necessary for giving cleaners a sweetish aftertaste. Often added to children's toothpastes. The component is obtained from sweet vegetables and fruits, birch bark.
• Sorbitol. Just like xylitol, it acts as a sweetener. Extracted from the leaves of cherries, mountain ash, algae, apples.
• Gum. The product is added to food and oral care products in many developed countries - Japan, America. The component acts as a thickener and is obtained by fermentation of sugar syrup.
• Zinc citrate. It is used to prevent the formation of hard plaque on the surface of the teeth. This trace element is also found in the human body.
• sodium citrate. Regulates pH balance in the oral cavity. The substance is obtained from citric acid.
• Sodium benzoate. A small amount is found in some fruits (apples, pears). It is a preservative in natural tooth powders.
• Maltodexin. The main function is to bind the components of the cleaning agent. Obtained by hydrolysis of starch. Maltodexin in Russia and developed countries is considered a safe food supplement.

In addition to the listed ingredients, natural products may contain 1-2 more components, the safety of which has not been proven.

Recipe for cooking at home

Dental care products can also be prepared at home. Each time you need to experiment with the composition in order to find the best option for yourself. There are several popular recipes for making homemade tooth powder.

Bentonite Clay Remedy

The ingredient is actively used in dentistry during the enamel remineralization procedure. To prepare the product, take 2 tbsp. l. boiled water, 5 g salt (fine), 3-4 tbsp. l. clay. All components are thoroughly mixed together, and at the end add 15 drops of mint oil. The ingredients can be purchased at any pharmacy.

Bentonite clay is actively used in dentistry during the enamel remineralization procedure.

How to make toothpaste at home? To prepare the product, use enameled dishes. Metal containers come into contact with clay and impair the therapeutic properties of the paste. You can use a metal spoon or fork to mix. First, add all the dry ingredients, and then the liquid ones. Store the prepared product in a glass jar. Before each application, using a teaspoon, the composition is applied to the toothbrush and hygiene procedures are carried out.

Glycerin product

Pasta based on glycerin is more difficult to prepare than using clay. In this case, the powder will require additional heat treatment. During heating, the composition is regularly stirred so that the components of the paste do not deteriorate.

To prepare the product, mix:

• lemon, orange or mint oil (a few drops);
• filtered water - 6 tbsp. l.;
• baking soda - 2 tbsp. l.;
• guarone copper - 4 tsp;
• food or vegetable glycerin - 1.5 tsp.

They make pasta according to the algorithm. First, all components are mixed, except for essential oils. Then the paste is transferred to a plastic container and tightly closed with a lid. Adults can experiment with the recipe and use vodka instead of water. It will better cope with plaque on the enamel. To improve the cleaning qualities, crushed activated carbon can be added to the product. At the same time, the amount of dry ingredients is adjusted so that the paste is not too liquid and does not spread over the brush.

Coconut Oil Paste

The composition of the component includes lauric acid, which has an antimicrobial effect. In the process of preparing the product, mint oil (15 drops), coconut oil and baking soda are mixed in equal proportions (3-4 tablespoons). First, soda and coconut oil are mixed, and then mint oil is added to the ingredients. Stir the ingredients with a spoon until no lumps remain in the paste. As soon as the product acquires the desired consistency, it is transferred to a deep container with a lid and placed in the refrigerator.

Gum massage prevents the development of periodontitis and gingivitis. The procedure is carried out before bedtime.

In addition to cleansing pastes at home, you can prepare medicine for gum massage. To do this, mix turmeric (1 tsp), ground pepper (3 tbsp. L) and a few pinches of sea salt (finely ground) in one bowl. In order for the paste to acquire the desired consistency, a little melted butter is added to the ingredients. The finger is dipped in the composition and applied to the gums with gentle massaging movements.

The best natural toothpastes

Dentists note 3 pastes, which consist mainly of safe components. Therefore, they are recommended for use by children and adults prone to allergic reactions.

Isme Rasyan products from Thailand have proven themselves well. It contains herbal ingredients and clove oil. There are several varieties of the remedy, but all of them are considered safe for the body.

Isme toothpaste not only removes plaque well, it masks the smell of cigarettes. For effective cleaning of the oral cavity, it is enough to apply a little composition (the size of a pea) to the brush.

Another good natural remedy is Natura Siberica paste. In addition to herbal ingredients, it contains useful minerals that restore tooth enamel. Due to the antiseptic properties, Natura Siberica protects teeth from carious processes. Kamchatka paste strengthens the gums and prevents their inflammation.

EcoLux paste is considered natural, containing oak leaf extract and apple pectin. It is prescribed for patients suffering from bleeding gums. The active components in the paste prevent the formation of plaque on the enamel and inhibit the activity of pathogenic flora.

With periodontal disease, EcoLux accelerates the restoration of damaged gum tissue. Oak leaf extract is excellent at fighting fungal infection. The tool has no contraindications for use and can be used for daily hygiene procedures.

Prices for natural pastes range from 100 to 400 rubles. There are also more expensive analogues, but the quality of the product does not always directly depend on its cost.

Useful Components

Some ingredients are desirable to add to homemade toothpastes. You also need to pay attention that at least one or more of the listed components are part of the industrial powder.

List of natural ingredients suitable for the manufacture of funds:

• cloves - has a mild analgesic effect;
• sage - fights bleeding gums;
• tea tree extract - restores the whiteness of the smile;
• mint - eliminates signs of inflammation in the initial stages of development;
• thyme - characterized by antiseptic properties;
• rosemary - improves the regeneration of wounds and abrasions of the mucous membranes of the mouth.

Soda can be added as an abrasive to homemade pastes. This component is used no more than 1 time per week. Otherwise, the enamel may be damaged. To whiten teeth, dentists allow the use of citric acid. The ingredient can be added to cleaning powders in a small amount to avoid burning the mouth.

From an unpleasant smell, lemon and iris in the composition of natural pastes help well. By simply rubbing the teeth with a slice of lemon, a whitening effect is also observed.

There are few recipes for homemade pastes that are great substitutes for industrial toothpowders. The product can be prepared from improvised components. For the first time, you should consult with your dentist about what ingredients to add to the paste. Each person has a different formulation. There is no universal recipe for homemade tooth powder.

06.09.2017 06.09.2017

WHAT IS THE ARTICLE ABOUT?

Composition of toothpaste

Toothpaste is a mixture of certain substances that are placed in a special tube.

The composition of this mixture can be quite varied, but there are basic components present in every paste.

Main Components

• distilled water
• abrasive substances
• binders
• surfactants
• humidifiers
• fragrances
• antibacterial components
• preservatives

All of the above have a specific role. For example distilled water is a binder for all components.

Abrasives- limestone, quartz, rock salt, sand ground into powder and they are responsible for the mechanical processing of teeth. The size of the crumbs in this powder will determine how aggressive the cleaning will be, the larger the more aggressive. For the production of whitening toothpaste, this component is added in an increased amount.

Function surface-active substances in the creation of foam, which cleans the enamel from plaque and food residues. Humidifiers are needed so that the paste does not spread and does not dry out. Thanks to fragrances, it acquires taste and aroma.

Preservatives prevent the growth of bacteria inside the tube.

Factory production

The first stage of production is the creation of a base - a binding gel. Bulk substances are added in accordance with the recipe, and mixed in the order established by the technological map. Liquid substances are automatically fed into the reactor.

The whole mixture is thoroughly mixed under vacuum. This happens in a huge reactor, which works on the principle of a mixer. Next, the mixture is boiled at a temperature of 30 degrees, at which point abrasive substances are added.

At the last stage of the connection of the components, perfume, surfactants and specific additives are added.

The difference is expressed in the so-called specific additives, on which the directed effect will depend. For example, plant components such as extracts of sage, mint, St. John's wort, coniferous plants will have an anti-inflammatory effect. While antiseptics against periodontium, fluoride against caries and so on. It is almost always written on the tubes that specific additives are used to determine the direction of the toothpaste.

After the mixture is ready, a sample is taken for compliance with GOST in all respects and placed in a storage container.

The next step is to place the paste in tubes. This happens as follows: prepared tubes, already with a cap and a protective film, move along the conveyor with the cap down and a certain amount of the mixture is pressed into them using special equipment. After that, the edge of the tube is treated with a special hair dryer with a temperature of just over 200 degrees Celsius, thereby destroying microbes and hermetically closing the base of the tube. After the edges are soldered. Now the packaged toothpaste is ready to use.

How to make colorful stripes

An interesting question arises, how do they make different colors in one paste? And why don't they mix?

In fact, everything is simpler than it might seem. The fact is that all colors in the paste must be of the same viscosity. That is why they are included binders. Technologists carefully monitor this parameter and thoroughly check each batch of pasta. Otherwise, all the work done will be in vain.

At the time of putting the paste into tubes, the process of indentation of different colors occurs simultaneously from different holes and subsequently, when used by consumers, the paste is not mixed due to viscosity.

Speaking of different colors, they do not have any functional load, in other words, this is done only for aesthetics. In most cases, the multi-colored paste is a feature of foreign manufacturers.

How to make toothpaste at home? It's simple: you need to buy the ingredients and mix them in certain proportions.

Natural products have many beneficial properties. Some contain substances that help whiten teeth, while essential oils and plant extracts have a beneficial effect on the gums. So making your own toothpaste makes sense if you're a supporter of organic products.

A do-it-yourself composition has a number of advantages compared to a purchased tube: environmentally friendly, and therefore safe for health. Do-it-yourself pasta is easy to make and inexpensive.

Oral hygiene is an integral part of our life. To keep your teeth clean, you need to use quality products. The disadvantage of purchased paste is that its composition contains chemistry. These substances not only damage the teeth, but can also irritate the oral mucosa, leading to gastrointestinal disorders.

Making your own dentifrice is a great option! You will get a product without parabens, lauryl sulfate and triclosan.

An ingredient called fluoride is known for its bleaching properties. Contrary to popular belief, it cannot be called safe. The advantage of homemade pasta is the absence of fluoride.

Provided there is no hypersensitivity, home remedies do not irritate the oral cavity, they are gentle on the teeth. The use of a self-made composition is possible for daily use (not all purchased pastes can be used every day, for example, whitening ones).

Anna Losyakova

Dentist-orthodontist

It is important to note that when brushing your teeth, the product enters the esophagus. Thus, if a person buys a tube of paste, chemicals from the composition of the cleaning agent enter his body, albeit not in a significant amount. Home remedies are safe in that they do not affect the digestive tract.

Recipes involve the use of essential oils, which are gums. The ether gently affects the tissues of the oral cavity without causing inflammatory reactions. For example, peppermint essential oil has antiseptic and decongestant properties.

The video shows different ways of oral hygiene without using toothpaste:

Description of useful ingredients

The composition of homemade toothpaste can include:

1. Cloves, which reduces the severity of toothache and provides prevention of recurrence.
2. Rosemary extract restores blood circulation in the gums.
3. Thyme kills bacteria.
4. Tea tree extract is effective in the fight against cavities. It can be added to gum treatments.
5. Natural mint helps to avoid the inflammatory process, freshens breath.

Most Popular Recipes

The first recipe involves the use of cinnamon, fennel powder, sea salt. You need to take a pinch of these ingredients.

For cooking, you need 1 tbsp. l. baking soda. To neutralize this product, you must use tea tree oil (take 1 tbsp.). You need the same amount of coconut oil. The ingredients are mixed. Coconut oil is not worth adding, it can be used in addition to the prepared remedy. This composition does not contain harmful fillers. The essential oil gives a good fragrance. The resulting product is stored in the refrigerator: the composition is prepared if you urgently need to whiten your teeth.

The second recipe involves the use of white clay. Requires 80 g of the product, 10 g of honey, a few drops of chamomile essential oil, additional sage oil is added. Propolis is cooked in water. From the clay you need to get a viscous mass, then take 10 g of honey and mix with essential oils. Get a natural safe composition for cleaning.

Anna Losyakova

Dentist-orthodontist

Such a paste at home will help eliminate plaque and unpleasant odors. The main advantage of the product is the whitening effect.

In the video, Elena Malysheva talks about how to prepare a dentifrice yourself:

Consider the following recipe. To prepare the bleaching composition, you will need to take 5 g of sea salt (about 2 pinches), the product must be crushed. Take 15 g of baking soda, 2 pinches of myrrh, 0.5 tsp. white clay. Next, glycerin is added, the optimal amount is 7 g. In order for the composition to give a refreshing effect, it is necessary to use rosemary oil and 12 drops of lemon. The ingredients are thoroughly mixed, a homogeneous mass should be obtained. It is used 2-3 times a day. It is better to store the composition in the refrigerator.

In order for homemade pasta to give a good result, you need to follow simple rules:

1. Baking soda is a product containing aggressive ingredients. Baking soda products can be used once a week. On other days, you need to use sparing formulations. If you use a paste with soda every day, you can harm your teeth and mouth: the enamel is erased.
2. Purchased whitening formulations are not recommended for daily use.
3. Teeth can be whitened using salt water. Salt is a powerful bleaching product. To achieve the perfect whiteness of your teeth, you can combine salt and soda. This composition should be used once a week.
4. A good bleaching agent is citric acid. If you use it to brush your teeth, it is forbidden to use another tool for four hours.
5. To rinse your mouth, you can use a solution of oak bark.

Soda Salt water Citric acid Oak bark

Above were considered popular recipes for how to make toothpaste with your own hands.

The following composition includes white clay diluted with purified water, 10 g of honey, chamomile, sage and propolis, prepared on a water basis.

You should take 50 g of clay and mix with water, you should get a slurry, 7 drops of propolis are added to it. Pour a couple of drops of chamomile oil into the mixture, all the ingredients are mixed, a homogeneous mass comes out. It must be put in a glass container and put on the shelf of the refrigerator, used within three weeks.

The peculiarity of this paste is its sweetish taste. Compositions with white clay perfectly whiten teeth, do not irritate the skin of the tongue, gums and palate. Pasta at home may contain galenic powder. To prepare it, you need to take 2 parts of cinquefoil powder and 1 part of birch bark. The ingredients are mixed, then diluted with warm water. The resulting mass is well suited for brushing your teeth.

Now you know the recipes for self-preparation of toothpaste at home based on improvised means. If one of the components of the cleaning agent can cause an allergy, you should refuse to use it. It is important to follow the rules of brushing your teeth, thus it will be possible to ensure the prevention of dental diseases.

Who among us has not heard of the famous Italian dish - pasta? Italians are very proud of this dish. Perhaps some of you have tried it in a cafe, pizzeria or Italian restaurant. So what is Italian pasta? Do you want to know how to make Italian pasta at home, what can you cook pasta with so that adults and children will like it? But is it possible to cook it yourself, at home? Why not?! In fact, pasta is a fairly simple, but very tasty dish. Italians call pasta all pasta that is made from wheat flour and water. High-quality and fast cooking pasta in Italian is not difficult at all. Delicious homemade pasta, the recipe of which we offer below, will conquer your entire family and become one of your favorite dishes for every day.

Italian pasta (pasta) has become popular not only in Italy, but also in America and Europe. By the way, quite different types of pastas have gained popularity in different parts of Italy. And this means that they cook it in different regions of Italy in different ways. At the same time, not only gastronomic, but also cultural traditions play an important role. We will talk about the most popular and affordable types of famous pasta for cooking at home. After you read this article, you will understand its types as well as the chefs of Italian restaurants. You can even tell your friends how to make delicious pasta at home.

How to cook italian pasta at home

We have selected for you the most affordable pasta recipes at home. Be sure to try them out. Italian pasta is especially suitable for spaghetti, although it goes wonderfully with pasta. Choose any recipe for delicious pasta, and boldly proceed to prepare it.

Carbonara

Pasta alla carbonara is what the Italians call it. The peculiarity of this dish is that spaghetti is mixed with very finely chopped bacon. In turn, the bacon must be thoroughly mixed with the sauce. It consists of pecorino romanno cheese, parmesan cheese, eggs, black pepper and salt. In general, Italians are very fond of cheese, therefore, several varieties of it are often used in their dishes at once. This makes their taste refined and refined. True, for us, Italian cheeses can be quite an expensive pleasure.

When do you think pasta carbonara was invented? In fact, she's not that old. It turns out that this delicious dish was invented in the middle of the 20th century. His homeland is the region of Lazio. The capital of this region is the majestic and ancient Rome. It was in Rome that it became a tradition to use romanno pecorino cheese. It is prepared from high-quality sheep's milk and kept for a long time. Thanks to this exposure, Pecorino Romano has a fairly rich taste. Many even consider it harsh. But you should not prepare the sauce without this cheese, as it will largely lose its taste perfection. Pecorino Romano and Parmesan are the perfect combination.

So, what do you need to make carbonara pasta at home.

• spaghetti - enough 200-300 g,
• bacon - about 100 g,
• yolks - 3-4 pieces,
• cream (fatty) - 100 ml,
• grated parmesan (grana padano, dzhyugas, etc.) - 50 g,
• garlic - 2 medium cloves
• parsley leaves (about 2 branches),
• salt,
• black pepper (freshly ground).

Now let's move on to the preparation steps.

1. Cut the bacon into fairly small regular cubes. Fry it in olive oil. To prevent the bacon from burning and drying out too much, set the heat to medium.
2. Pour water (4 liters) into a medium-sized saucepan. Salt it and bring it to a boil.
3. Drop the spaghetti into the already boiling water. Please note that you need to cook them not until fully cooked, but until the so-called al dente state. Do not be afraid that you will not finish the product. This simply means that they should be removed from the pot one minute before the end of the cooking time stated on the package. By the way, the cooking time of spaghetti may vary. It all depends on the caliber of spaghetti and the type of wheat from which they are made.
4. Next, we prepare an amazingly delicious sauce. To do this, mix the eggs with milk or cream. Pepper and salt to your liking. Next, the mixture must be thoroughly beaten with a whisk. When the mixture is smooth, add about 50 g of finely grated Parmesan.
5. From the pan, temporarily pour the already fried bacon into a plate. Next, finely chop and gently fry the garlic. Watch carefully so that it does not burn or overcook. If you like a rich garlic flavor in a dish, then it is better to add raw garlic to the already prepared sauce.
6. When the garlic is fried, carefully pour the spaghetti over it. Mix everything thoroughly.
7. When the spaghetti is hot, remove the pan from the stove and add the already beaten eggs. Now it is very important to mix everything quickly so that the proteins do not curl. Add fried bacon and pepper.
8. Before serving, sprinkle the pasta with finely grated Parmesan and top with parsley leaves.

All. Now you can serve this delicious dish and call your family to the table. This is a great alternative to already boring pasta.

Bolognese

Bolognese is a meat sauce generously seasoned with Italian pasta. As its name suggests, this wonderful sauce was invented in the province of Bologna. This sauce is very popular in Italy and beyond. It is often served not only with pasta, but also with the famous Italian lasagna, as well as fresh tagliatelle. It also pairs well with pasta and other types of pasta. It is difficult to find a resident of Bologna who does not like Bolognese sauce and does not know how to cook it skillfully. In fact, there is nothing complicated in its preparation. But in order to prepare a classic Bolognese sauce, you need to stick to the traditional list of ingredients. Bolognese includes beef, carrots, onions, pancetta, tomato paste, celery, red wine, meat broth, cream or milk (optional).

Let's specify the number of ingredients for this fragrant dish:

• Minced beef - enough 100g.
• One bulb.
• 3 tomatoes.
• A clove of garlic.
• 2 teaspoons of tomato paste.
• A pinch of dried basil.
• 2 tbsp. spoons of red wine.
• A teaspoon of sugar.
• A pinch of oregano.
• 80 g spaghetti.
• 50 g parmesan cheese.

Cooking steps:

1. You need to take a large deep frying pan and heat vegetable oil in it over medium heat. When the oil is hot, add the minced meat to it. Fry it over medium heat until it is browned. If you notice that there is too much fat in the pan, drain the excess. Finely chop the onion and garlic and add them to the minced meat. Fry the whole mixture for a couple more minutes.
2. Finely chop the tomatoes, herbs. Add them to the pan. Pour sugar there, pour in red wine. Bring this aromatic mixture to a boil. When the sauce boils, cover it with a lid, make a small fire and simmer for about half an hour. Stir it from time to time and make sure it doesn't burn. The sauce must thicken.
3. In the meantime, prepare the sauce, it is worth doing the spaghetti. Boil them until al dente. Next, carefully place the pasta on a large plate and pour the sauce on top. Sprinkle finely grated Parmesan over the top to bring out the rich flavor of this aromatic dish.

As you can see, everything is very simple.

Penne Arabiata

This Italian dish has already become a classic, although it was invented only at the beginning of the 20th century. Literally, its name translates as "evil pasta." It can be prepared quickly and easily. It has a special spicy taste. It is given to pasta by an explosive mixture of garlic and hot pepperoncino.

Ingredients:

• 300 g Italian pasta.
• A clove of garlic.
• Canned tomatoes (in their juice).
• Dried hot red pepper (chopped).
• Basil or regular parsley.
• Olive oil.

Cooking steps:

1. You need to take a large frying pan and carefully heat a little olive oil.
2. When the oil is hot, add minced garlic and dry pepperoncino to it.
3. Immediately reduce the heat so that the garlic does not burn. It must be thoroughly fried until it is browned.
4. We take out the tomatoes from the jar, chop them finely enough and, together with the juice, send them to the pan.
5. Spaghetti should be boiled, as usual when cooking pasta, until al dente.
6. When the spaghetti is cooked, drain the water and send them to the pan to the sauce. Mix everything thoroughly.

You will get a spicy and fragrant dish that can be quickly prepared from the simplest ingredients.

Primavera

This pasta is a classic spring dish. It contains a lot of fresh vegetables. Primavera is considered an American-Italian dish. The thing is that Italian emigrants invented it in America. The name itself was given to this wonderful dish in an American restaurant called Le Cirque. This establishment is located in New York. And in 1977, the legendary New York Times even published a detailed article about Primavera pasta.

If you like the taste of fresh fragrant vegetables, be sure to cook Spaghetti Primavera. The taste of vegetables dominates in them, it is pronounced and very harmonious. A distinctive feature of this paste is that it is very bright and fragrant. It is very convenient that almost any vegetables that you can find at home are suitable for it. By the way, the word "primavera" in translation means "spring". We offer you a very simple recipe for this classic spring pasta.

Ingredients:

• 500 g of paste.
• 350 g broccoli.
• 2-3 carrots, to be cut into strips.
• One bell pepper.
• 200 g green peas (preferably young).
• About 15 pcs. cherry tomatoes.
• 5 cloves of garlic.
• A couple of tablespoons of ground black pepper.
• Salt.
• Finely grated parmesan cheese.
• Olive oil.

1. Heat up the oil in a frying pan. Finely chop the garlic and add it to the pan. We keep it on very low heat for only half a minute. As soon as its color begins to change, immediately remove the pan from the heat.
2. Add pepper and cherry tomatoes to the garlic.
3. Cook pasta until al dente. Please note that two to three minutes before the end of the pasta cooking process, you need to add vegetables to them.
4. At the end of cooking, drain the water from the vegetables and pasta.
5. To make this appetizing dish even more fragrant and refined, sprinkle it with grated parmesan.

lasagna

Many of you have probably heard of the traditional Italian lasagna dish. This is not exactly pasta, although the dish is also floury. It consists of rectangular sheets, between which sauce and different types of cheese are laid out. It is believed that cooking lasagna is not so easy, as it has its own nuances. The layers should stick together the lasagna sheets, but they should still be juicy and not fall apart. This dish is very popular due to its rich taste, juiciness and pronounced cheese aroma. Properly cooked lasagna will not delaminate and lose its flavorful filling. The secret is in the sauce and cheese. The sauce thoroughly soaks the dish, and the cheese glues the lasagna sheets together.

Lasagna is especially popular in Bologna. Here it is prepared in almost every family. Juicy lasagne made from the thinnest dough, which alternates with a fragrant filling of meat, cheese, vegetables and generously filled with sauce - what could be tastier?! Master chefs manage to cook lasagna from seven or even eight layers of dough. As a sauce, it is customary to use the famous bechamel. Anything is suitable for the filling - meat stew, minced meat, spinach, tomatoes and other vegetables. The birthplace of this wonderful dish is Emilia-Romagna. But very quickly it spread throughout Italy, and then around the world. The secret of its popularity is that lasagna is really very tasty, juicy and satisfying.

Ingredients:

• 2 tablespoons of olive oil.
• 2 cloves of garlic, to be passed through a press.
• One chopped onion.
• 500 g ground beef.
• 150 g finely chopped mushrooms.
• 60 g tomato paste.
• 400 g tomato (fresh).
• Finely chopped parsley leaves.
• Half a glass of red wine.
• 370 g lasagna (special dry dough plates).
• Two glasses of finely grated cheese.
• Half a glass of finely grated parmesan.
• 180-200 g cream.
• 2 tbsp. spoons of flour.
• 2 glasses of milk.
• 120 g soft ricotta cheese.

1. We heat the oven to a temperature of 180 ° C. We grease the baking dish (deep enough to fit all the layers together with the filling) with any fat.
2. Take a large frying pan and heat the oil in it. Next, fry the garlic and onion for about 5 minutes over medium heat. They should become soft. Add minced meat to the onion and garlic and fry for about 5 minutes. It should take on a nice golden hue. All lumps of minced meat that form must be carefully broken with a spatula. You should get a homogeneous mass without lumps. Then pour in the mushrooms and fry for about 3 minutes over medium heat. At the end, add tomato paste.
3. To the resulting filling, add finely chopped tomatoes and pour in red wine. Bring the mixture to a boil. You need to simmer it for about 8 minutes. Please note that the liquid should partially evaporate. At the end, add parsley, season with pepper, salt.
4. The next step is to prepare the white sauce. Please note that it is very important to prepare it correctly. It shouldn't be too runny or too thick. Melt the butter in a saucepan. Gently fold in the flour so that there are no lumps. Butter with flour should be boiled over low heat. In this case, the mixture must be constantly stirred. Then take the saucepan off the heat and pour in the milk. It shouldn't be cold. It is better if it is at room temperature. Mix everything and put it on fire again. Bring the mixture to a boil and cook for about 3 more minutes. It should become thick enough. When the sauce thickens, you need to add grated ricotta, salt, pepper. All. The sauce is ready.
5. We take a baking dish and put a sheet of lasagna in it. Read carefully on the package of lasagna sheets how to prepare the dough for baking. Some species require pre-boiling in water. They are dipped in boiling water for just a couple of minutes. But there are also types that are prepared in a special way. They do not require pre-cooking. High-quality lasagna sheets do not stick to each other during cooking and remain quite dense. So, put the lasagne sheets in the baking dish. They need to be laid flat. The next sheet should lie half a centimeter on the previous one. Thus we line the bottom of the form. If there is excess dough left around the edges, it can be cut off. Put half of the cooked minced meat on top and pour over half the volume of white sauce. Sprinkle with a quarter of the total volume of cheese. Then you should repeat the layers again in the same order as the previous ones. At the end, cover with a sheet of lasagna dough.
6. We take a small bowl. In it you need to carefully beat the cream and eggs. Pour the resulting mixture on top of our lasagna and sprinkle with grated cheese again. Now you can send the dish to the oven. For baking at a temperature of 180 degrees, half an hour will be enough. Pay attention to the appearance of a golden crust. This is a sure sign that the delicious lasagna is finally ready. Feel free to take it out of the oven. But before serving the dish to the table, let the lasagna rest a little, literally 5 minutes. As it cools down a bit, the cheese will become more viscous and will better hold all the layers in place.

A bit of history

You are interested in the history of the origin of pasta. The history of its origin is no less fascinating than the preparation of this most popular dish. It is curious that many myths and legends are associated with it. Now Italy remains a kind of trendsetter in culinary fashion regarding the preparation of different types of pasta. In addition, it is in Italy that this product is produced in the largest volumes. And also in all of Europe, it is the inhabitants of Italy who eat the most pasta.

Pasta is considered to be a traditional Italian dish. But is it? There is another version of the origin of the pasta, an alternative one. According to her, this culinary masterpiece was brought by the great traveler Marco Polo in 1292 from China. Scientists claim that there is even quite reliable documentary evidence for this. But resourceful Italians have a perfectly reasonable answer to this. They claim that Marco Polo just mentioned that in China they also like noodles very much, as well as pasta.

To prove that pasta appeared in Italy long before the travels of Marco Polo, Italian scholars cite Horace and Cicero. In the works of these great poets of ancient Rome, magnificent dishes made from flour with water, which are boiled in sea water, are repeatedly mentioned. Treatises on cookery from Appicius have been found. He lived in the old days of the reign of the famous emperor Tiberius. In his writings, he described dishes that are strikingly reminiscent of lasagna. In 1000 c. BC. chef Martino Corno in his book described in detail the preparation of pasta in Sicily.

However, the disputes of historians and culinary experts still do not subside. Only the fact that since the XII century pasta begins its triumphal march across Europe has been accurately proven. Recipes for this dish began to spread precisely from the lands of Italy.

Milestones in pasta history:

• 12th century - On the island of Sicily, they start making pasta. The Arabs who lived in this area took an active part in its production.
• XIII Art. - Pasta begins to dry in the sun. Thanks to this, the shelf life of pasta increased significantly and reached three years. It began to be used on ships as provisions for long sea passages. Soon, pasta was brought to numerous sea cities: Pisa, Genoa, Venice, Naples. Each soon has its own pasta variations with unique flavor profiles and ingredients.
• XV Art. The first written recipe for lasagna appears. Hollow and long pasta is also mentioned. Pasta was then quite an expensive dish, since the desired varieties of wheat were grown only in Apulia and Sicily. Only much later did it become popular among the poor.
• XVI - XVII centuries. Tomatoes are imported from America to Europe. This vegetable made a real gastronomic sensation. Durum wheat varieties are beginning to be actively grown throughout southern Italy. Immediately, machines for the industrial production of pasta are invented. In this case, special powerful presses, machines for cutting and drying are used. The scale of production and consumption of pasta is increasing tenfold. At the same time, the cost of pasta is falling. They are becoming very affordable and popular.
• In the XVIII - XIX century. due to the fact that pasta production technologies have become perfect, this dish gains special popularity, which remains at the highest level even now. Then pasta begins to conquer Europe and America.

So, we told you how to cook pasta at home, revealed to you the secrets of recipes for the five most popular types of pasta. The history of this truly international dish is as rich as its amazing taste. You should definitely please your loved ones with delicious and fragrant pasta.

Toothpaste is an effective tool that helps to avoid the appearance of dental pathologies. It is used only with a brush and allows you to keep your teeth in excellent condition. But such preparations, widely advertised, contain harmful ones. To avoid health problems, it is better to use natural toothpaste, which cleans the enamel well and does not harm the teeth and gums.

Features of the production of hygiene products

How is toothpaste made? First of all, the company performs mechanical purification of tap water, then it is ozonized for disinfection. To prevent ozone from getting into the mouth cleaner, it is destroyed by ultraviolet rays.

After that, the base for toothpaste is cooked in special reactors, which consists of a moisturizer, thickener, water and an abrasive. It is prepared at a temperature of 40 degrees, otherwise the product will exfoliate. The jelly-like mass is mixed during cooking by a special mixer in the reactor.

Then the resulting mixture is poured into temporarily used containers. The production of toothpaste is completed by laboratory research. It is necessarily checked for density, smell, viscosity and color, acid-base balance and microbiological parameters. Such analyzes last 3 days, and if everything is in order, then the product is sent for packaging.

Varieties of drugs

Different types of toothpastes are usually divided according to the method of use and purpose. There are two large groups - treatment-and-prophylactic and hygienic. The latest hygiene products can be used to clean the oral cavity every day without the risk of damage to the mucous membrane and enamel. But preventive pastes also include subtypes that are used in dentistry to prevent and treat hard tissue and periodontal diseases.

Classification of preventive hygiene products

The types of toothpastes in this direction are as follows:

• Anti-inflammatory. Such products have a complex composition, including herbal extracts. They can be used to clean the enamel in periodontal diseases during therapy.
• Anti-caries with fluoride. These preparations can be combined with hygienic pastes.
• Whitening and highly abrasive agents that prevent the appearance of plaque.
• Antifungal. These oral hygiene preparations are usually used for candidal stomatitis.
• Means for cleaning crowns with increased sensitivity.
• Preventive toothpastes with antimicrobial action. They are needed only for temporary use in the fight against stomatitis.

Manufacturers also produce special toothpastes that are used to treat the oral cavity. This product is also effective in preventing plaque formation.

What is toothpaste made from?

Its main components are fragrances, abrasives, moisturizers, fluoride and foaming agents. An important role in the paste is played by abrasives, because it is thanks to them that the tooth enamel is cleaned. The most common of these are compounds of aluminum, calcium carbonate and silicon dioxide. Such materials are added to the paste to clean the surface of the teeth without damaging the enamel.

Moisturizers are used in oral hygiene products to retain moisture and maintain texture. Sorbitol, which is also a flavoring agent, and glycerin can be found in almost every toothpaste. Thanks to these components, the drug gets a smooth gel consistency when squeezed out of the tube.

Detergents (foaming agents) act as a surfactant to help clean tooth enamel and also promote foaming. In the composition of conventional pastes, a detergent such as sodium lauryl sulfate is most often found.

Fluoride, present in many products, reduces the likelihood of caries and strengthens enamel. Flavorings are also added to toothpastes, as well as artificial sweeteners, so that they taste and look good.

What is in baby paste?

Before learning how to make toothpaste for small consumers, parents should remember that it is necessary to clean milk teeth from the moment they erupt. At first, you just need to do this with a baby brush, without using any hygiene products. Every day, you should wipe your baby's teeth with a piece of sterile bandage. Only from two years is it allowed to clean them with a special paste for children.

Today, many manufacturers add harmful substances to children's products, so you should always check before buying what it consists of. The composition of children's toothpastes may include such dangerous ingredients:

• Sodium lauryl sulfate. It is used to improve the foaming of the product, but such a substance irritates the mucous membrane of the mouth and dries the skin very much, which can cause numerous cracks to appear on them.
• Saccharin. Such a substance is added to the paste so that small consumers are more willing to brush their teeth. However, when the maximum allowable dose is exceeded, this element turns into a carcinogen that is hazardous to health.
• Artificial dyes that can cause an allergic reaction.
• Triclosan.
• Chlorhexidine. This antibacterial ingredient destroys not only pathogenic microorganisms in the mouth, but also the natural microflora.

Moreover, it must be remembered that toothpaste, which is intended for adults, is not suitable for babies. They often have a gag reflex from the taste of such a remedy. That is why neutral or fruit flavors are used to create children's hygiene products.

How is natural toothpaste made?

Substances of plant origin present in the jelly-like mass for cleaning incisors and molars have a beneficial effect on the gums and the entire oral cavity.

Natural toothpaste does not contain preservatives and dyes in its composition, which destroy the enamel during cleaning. Similar preparations, consisting of extracts of herbs and plants, have the following healing effects:

• make breath fresh;
• have an anti-inflammatory effect;
• whiten teeth, eliminating even traces of cigarettes and coffee;
• prevent the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms in the mouth;
• perfectly clean plaque.

True, natural pastes do not foam well, unlike conventional products, so they should be cleaned more thoroughly.

Composition of hygiene products with herbal extracts

As a rule, it consists of plant extracts. Manufacturers introduce such components to improve the composition and quality of products.

Green toothpaste also consists of these ingredients. The color of the product indicates that only natural elements are present in it. Most often, it includes bromelain, which is a plant-based element present in pineapples. It helps reduce gum inflammation and swelling, kills bacteria and has protective properties.

Licorice extract is often added to natural paste, which has a strong anti-inflammatory effect. Typically, such a plant is part of the means intended to eliminate bleeding gums and increased sensitivity of the teeth. In addition to the main herbal remedies, the paste may contain extracts of essential oils, such as cloves, mint or oregano.

Herbal and chemical dentifrices

Let's also consider how a combined type toothpaste is made. Such preparations combine the effective action of chemical components and the beneficial properties of natural substances. They are usually classified as a group of therapeutic and prophylactic pastes that allow you to remove plaque, restore enamel, relieve sensitivity, protect the mucous membrane and teeth from harmful fungi and bacteria. In addition, combined pastes prevent the development of caries.

Today, in combination products, in addition to natural herbal extracts, they began to add components that increase the mineralization of enamel and have antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and anticaries properties.

Popular brands

Manufacturers of Colgate Herbs toothpaste have introduced substances into its composition that remove calculus deposits, freshen breath and strengthen enamel. Medicinal plants present in it prevent the development of inflammatory processes in the mouth.

Paste Lacalut White is in great demand among consumers. This prophylactic is intended for teeth whitening. It contains microscopic particles that polish the enamel and remove plaque from its surface.

No less popular remedy is Paradontax. This paste is a medicinal product that helps to get rid of bleeding gums. It contains plant extracts and minerals.

Blendamed 3D White toothpaste has proven itself well. It is used to lighten enamel by several tones. This tool contains whitening microparticles that can penetrate even into hard-to-reach places. It also contains an antibacterial substance that is responsible for the destruction of bacteria that provoke the development of caries and other diseases of the oral cavity.

Paste "Splat Biocalcium" contains hydroxyapatite, which is a building component of dentin, obtained from egg shells, as well as bioactive calcis. These elements make the enamel stronger and reduce the increased sensitivity of the teeth after a few days of regular use. And the natural enzyme papain in the composition of this product prevents the formation of stone and plaque.

Pastes are distinguished by a variety of substances that are part of their composition. The purpose of each component is not always known even to qualified dentists, but some ingredients must be paid attention to when buying:

• Fluorides. They should be contained in a paste for adults no more than 0.1-0.6%. Of course, for children, this figure should be half as much, since they can swallow the drug.
• Parabens. Preparations with this component should not be used by people with allergies.
• The optimal value of abrasiveness in the paste is 70-80 RDA. Moreover, for sensitive teeth, funds with an even lower indicator should be selected.

Manufacturers prefer not to indicate the presence of other ingredients, because this is a trade secret. But you don’t have to worry about your health, since there are no harmful substances in the pastes sold in the pharmacy.

Conclusion

Oral care is essential to kill germs and prevent dental disease. To brush your teeth more effectively, you need to select a paste, taking into account all its properties and features.